Cats are beloved companions, but like all animals, they are susceptible to various health issues. Understanding common cat diseases can help cat owners detect early symptoms, seek treatment, and take preventive measures to keep their furry friends healthy. In this guide, we will discuss 10 common cat diseases, their symptoms, prevention, and treatment options.
Common Cat Diseases That Cause Death
Feline Leukemia Virus is a common cat disease, It is a serious viral infection that weakens a cat’s immune system, making them prone to other illnesses. It is transmitted through saliva, urine, and direct contact with infected cats, making multi-cat households particularly vulnerable. This disease can lead to severe anemia, lymphoma, and immune suppression, increasing the risk of secondary infections.
Symptoms
- Weight loss
- Lethargy
- Pale gums
- Poor coat condition
- Recurring infections
Prevention
- Vaccination
- Keeping your cat indoors to reduce exposure
- Regular vet check-ups
- Avoiding sharing food bowls among cats
Treatment
While there is no cure, supportive care like immune-boosting supplements, proper nutrition, and treating secondary infections can help manage the disease and improve quality of life.
Breeds Prone to FeLV
- Persian
- Maine Coon
- Sphynx
2. Feline Panleukopenia (Feline Distemper)
Common Cat Diseases That Are Preventable by Vaccination
This highly contagious and deadly viral disease primarily affects kittens and unvaccinated adult cats. The virus attacks rapidly dividing cells in the intestines, bone marrow, and lymph nodes, leading to severe gastrointestinal and immune system damage. This common cat disease is preventable by vaccination.
Symptoms
- Vomiting and diarrhea (often with blood)
- Loss of appetite
- High fever
- Dehydration
- Depression and weakness
Prevention
- Core vaccinations
- Proper hygiene
- Isolation of infected cats
- Disinfecting shared spaces
Treatment
There is no specific cure, but supportive care such as intravenous fluids, antibiotics to prevent secondary infections, and hospitalization can improve survival chances.
Breeds at Risk
- Siamese
- British Shorthair
3. Feline Calicivirus (FCV)
This virus causes upper respiratory infections in cats and is highly contagious. It spreads through direct contact, contaminated objects, or airborne droplets from sneezing cats. In severe cases, it can lead to pneumonia or painful oral ulcers, making eating difficult.
Symptoms
- Sneezing and nasal discharge
- Mouth ulcers
- Fever
- Lethargy
- Eye inflammation
Prevention
- Vaccination
- Reducing contact with infected cats
- Good hygiene practices
- Keeping food and water bowls clean
Treatment
Antibiotics for secondary infections, pain relief medications, and supportive care such as fluid therapy and nutritional support.
Breeds Prone to FeLV
- Abyssinian
- Bengal
4. Feline Herpesvirus (FHV-1)
This virus causes feline viral rhinotracheitis (FVR), a severe upper respiratory disease. Once infected, cats often become lifelong carriers, experiencing flare-ups during times of stress or illness.
Symptoms
- Eye discharge
- Sneezing
- Conjunctivitis
- Fever
- Nasal congestion
Prevention
- Vaccination
- Reducing stress
- Proper nutrition
- Keeping infected cats separate
Treatment
Antiviral medications, immune-boosting supplements, eye drops, and supportive care like steam therapy for congestion.
Breeds at Risk
- Exotic Shorthair
- Himalayan
5. Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)
FIV weakens a cat’s immune system, making them vulnerable to infections. It spreads mainly through deep bite wounds, so outdoor cats and males that fight are at higher risk.
Symptoms
- Weight loss
- Chronic infections (gums, skin, respiratory tract)
- Poor coat condition
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Fever
Prevention
- Keeping cats indoors
- Testing new cats before introducing them to a household
- Neutering males to reduce aggressive behavior
Treatment
No cure exists, but regular veterinary check-ups, immune-supportive care, and a stress-free environment can help prolong life expectancy.
Breeds Prone to FIV
- Russian Blue
- Scottish Fold
6. Kidney Disease
A common issue in older cats, kidney disease can be fatal if untreated. It often results from genetic predisposition, infections, or exposure to toxins like antifreeze.
Symptoms
- Increased thirst and urination
- Weight loss
- Vomiting
- Poor coat quality
- Bad breath (uremic odor)
Prevention
- Proper diet
- Regular veterinary check-ups
- Access to clean water
Treatment
Fluid therapy, special kidney-support diets, and medications to manage symptoms.
Breeds at Risk
- Burmese
- Ragdoll
7. Hyperthyroidism
A hormonal disorder caused by an overactive thyroid gland, leading to increased metabolism and energy expenditure.
Symptoms
- Weight loss despite increased appetite
- Hyperactivity
- Vomiting
- Increased heart rate
- Diarrhea
Prevention
- Regular health screenings
- Avoiding excessive iodine in diet
Treatment
Medication, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgery to remove the affected thyroid gland.
Breeds at Risk
- Siamese
- Tonkinese
8. Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes occurs when a cat’s body cannot regulate blood sugar properly, leading to serious complications if untreated.
Symptoms
- Increased thirst and urination
- Weight loss
- Lethargy
- Weakness in hind legs
Prevention
- Healthy diet
- Regular exercise
- Maintaining a healthy weight
Treatment
Insulin therapy, dietary management, and regular glucose monitoring.
Breeds Prone to Diabetes
- Burmese
- Norwegian Forest Cat
9. Ringworm
A highly contagious fungal infection affecting the skin and fur.
Symptoms
- Hair loss
- Itchy, scaly skin
- Red circular patches
- Brittle nails
Prevention
- Proper grooming
- Isolating infected cats
- Cleaning bedding and toys
Treatment
Antifungal medications, topical creams, and environmental decontamination.
Breeds at Risk
- Devon Rex
- Cornish Rex
10. Obesity-Related Diseases
Excess weight increases the risk of diabetes, joint issues, and heart disease.
Symptoms
- Difficulty in movement
- Shortness of breath
- Reduced activity
- Increased risk of arthritis
Prevention
- Portion control
- Encouraging play and exercise
Treatment
Dietary management, increased physical activity, and veterinary-supervised weight loss programs.